نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر بر روی محصول ذرت در ارزوئیه کرمان به­مدت دو سال متوالی 85-84 و 86-85 انجام گرفت.  آزمایش به­صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار که در آن مقدار آب مصرفی در4 سطح به­عنوان فاکتور اصلی (60، 80، و 100 درصد نیاز آبی ذرت و آبیاری بر اساس عرف منطقه) و رقم در سه سطح (سینگل کراس 404، 700، و 704) به­عنوان فاکتور فرعی انجام شد.  داده­های اندازه­گیری شامل حجم آب آبیاری، عملکرد دانه و شاخص سطح برگ بودند.  نتایج حاصل از اجرای مدل SWAP نشان داد که همبستگی نسبتاً خوبی بین داده­های مشاهداتی و محاسباتی وجود دارد، به­طوری­که مقادیر تیمارهای آبیاری نزدیک به مقادیر تبخیر و تعرق بالقوه به­دست آمد.  همچنین اختلافاتی بین داده­های مشاهداتی و محاسباتی با مدل مربوط به رقم­های مورد استفادۀ ذرت وجود داشت.  این اختلاف­ها در هر دو پارامتر میزان عملکرد و شاخص سطح برگ مشهود بودند.  به­هرحال در شرایط آب و هوایی سال­های 85 و 86 در منطقۀ مورد تحقیق رقم ذرت سینگل­کراس 704 نسبت به سایر ارقام مناسب­تر تشخیص داده شد.  با توجه به شوری آب آبیاری (  EC=4
دسی­زیمنس بر متر) میزان آب آبیاری مورد نیاز برای حصول بیشترین عملکرد نسبی 1100 میلی­متر ( 11000 متر مکعب در هکتار) به­دست آمد.  همچنین بررسی شوری­های مختلف نیز میزان کاهش محصول را، به ازای افزایش 2 دسی­زیمنس بر متر  شوری، 7 درصد نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving Irrigation Management for Hybrid Maize Seeds in Kerman Province Using a SWAP Model

چکیده [English]

This research was carried out on corn in the Orzuiyeh region of Kerman province over two consecutive seasons (2005-6 to 2007-8). The experiment was done as a split plot with a completely randomized block design and four replications. Four levels of consumed water (60%, 80%, 100% water requirement, water use based on regional custom) and three varieties (404SC, 700SC, 704SC) were the main factors and the sub-plots, respectively. The measured parameters included irrigation water volume, grain yield, and leaf area index. The results of the SWAP model indicated that a relatively good correlation existed between observation and calculated data, with irrigation treatment values being close to potential evapotranspiration. There were also significant differences between observation and calculated data for the varieties. These differences were observed in values obtained for grain yield and leaf area index. In conclusion, the corn variety 704SC was more suitable than the other varieties for Orzuiyeh region. Considering the salinity of the water available for irrigation (EC = 4 dS/m2) in the region, 1100 mm per m2 of water was required to produce the highest relative grain yield. The results also showed a 7% decline in crop production for every increase of 2 dS/m2 in salinity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • leaf area index
  • Maize
  • SWAP model
  • Water Consumption
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