تاثیر آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی و جویچه‌ای بر بهره‌وری آب دو سیستم کشت داربستی و خزنده انگور

عروجیان مشهدی, امید; میرلطیفی, سید مجید; دهقانی سانیج, حسین

doi:10.22092/idser.2021.353769.1461

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی آبیاری و زهکشی؛ گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

² دانشیار گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

³ دانشیار موسسه تحقیقات فنی مهندسی کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22092/idser.2021.353769.1461

چکیده

جهت ارزیابی اثر آبیاری قطره‌ای زیر سطحی (SDI) و جویچه‌ای بر روی دو رقم انگور فخری و سلطانی، این پژوهش در تابستان سال 1398 در قالب دو طرح آماری کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو باغ مجاور هم که به صورت داربستی مایل (باغ A) و خزنده (باغ B) احداث شده‌بودند انجام پذیرفت. در هر دو باغ دو روش مختلف آبیاری، شامل SDI و آبیاری جویچه‌ای اجرا شد. در انتهای آزمایش بهره‌وری آب، عملکرد و برخی شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی گیاه از قبیل تعداد خوشه در بوته، وزن صد حبه، تعداد حبه در خوشه و اندازه خوشه اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج انجام آنالیز واریانس بین روش‌های آبیاری در هر دو باغ نشان از اختلاف معنی دار یک درصدی در بهره‌وری آب داشت. به طوری که مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد به ازای مصرف هر متر مکعب آب در باغ A تیمار SDI و در باغ B تیمار جویچه‌ای به ترتیب با 39/5 و 7/3 کیلوگرم، بیشترین بهره‌وری آب را به خود اختصاص دادند. مقایسه میانگین اثرات متقابل رقم و روش آبیاری نشان داد که در باغ A رقم سلطانی تحت روش SDI با تولید 23/7 کیلوگرم در ازای مصرف یک متر مکعب آب و در باغ B رقم سلطانی تحت روش آبیاری جویچه‌ای با تولید 17/5 کیلوگرم در ازای مصرف یک متر مکعب آب، از سایر تیمارها برتر بود. روش SDI در کشت داربستی در حد مطلوب نیاز آبی گیاه را تامین نمود و اثرات آن در افزایش عملکرد نمود پیدا کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

سامانه های نوین آبیاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Furrow and Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems on Water Productivity of Vineyard in Bowed trellis and Creeping Plantation Systems

نویسندگان [English]

Omid Orojian Mashhadi ¹
Seyed Majid Mirlatifi ²
Hosein Dehghanisanij ³

¹ Master student of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Department of Engineering and Water Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University

² Associated professor, Department of Engineering and Water Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

³ Faculty Member, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction

Grapes are planted throughout the world and are used to produce dried fruit (raisins), grapes for fresh market (table grapes) and juice. Development of effective methods to improve water productivity in Agriculture is necessary due to the shortage of water resources. Water productivity is a momentous index to assess water saving and to gain more turnover for each unit of water used. Improving water productivity in irrigated agriculture decreases the demand for additional water sources and is thus a solution to the shortage of water resources. One of the efficient methods to improve water productivity is to use micro irrigation systems, which may help to reduce water used to increase yield. Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has been used in various countries for over 30 years especially in the regions encountering water scarcity. The results of the implementation of this method were identified in terms of increasing yield, reducing applied water, fertilizer and weed control costs, improve crop quality and water productivity. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluation of water productivity of grapes in two different plantation systems under SDI and furrow irrigation systems.

Methodology

In order to evaluate the effects of a Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) on two varieties of grapevine; Sultani and Fakhri, this experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design with three replications during 2019 growing season in two vineyards with Bowed trellis (A) and Creeping (B) plantation systems. In vineyard A, laterals of SDI system were installed 50 cm below the soil surface and 50 cm from the grapes rows and in vineyard B, 30 cm below the soil surface and 60 cm from the grapes rows. Irrigation water requirement was calculated by P.M.E to meet full grapes water requirement using daily weather information data collected at Malekan weather station. Irrigation management of the furrow irrigated rows in both vineyards were controlled by the owner of the orchard. Except for the difference in irrigation, the vineyard’s grown vines were established and treated similarly (row spacing, training, pest control, canopy management, fertilization and pruning).

Result and Discussion

At the end of the growing season Water productivity, Yield and some physiological traits such as: number of clusters in tree, berry weight, number of berries in cluster, length of cluster were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant difference (at 1% level) between water productivity of different irrigation methods in both vineyards. The SDI method in vineyard A and furrow method in vineyard B had the highest water productivity (5.39 kg/m^3 and 3.7 kg/m^3, respectively). The comparison of interaction effects between irrigation methods and cultivars in vineyard A showed that the water productivity of Sultani variety under SDI irrigation (7.23 kg/m^3) was higher than other treatments and in vineyard B water productivity of Sultani variety under furrow method (5.17 kg/m^3) was higher than other treatments. SDI treatment in vineyard B, which was previously furrow irrigated and therefor roots had spreaded out into a larger volume of soil than that wetted by the SDI system, wasn’t capable to adequately supply Crop water requirement which manifested in crop yield reduction.

Conclusions

The SDI system in Bowed trellis plantation was able to adequately replenish Crop water requirement which enhanced crop yield. Implementation of the SDI system in vineyard A increased yield (28.4% in soltani variety and 32.4% in fakhri variety) and water productivity (42% in soltani variety and 47% in fakhri variety). Studies indicate that in Creeping plantation due to lack of proper distribution of moisture in the root zone, needs further investigation. In order to increase yield and water productivity of vineyards with bowed trellis systems, the installation of SDI system is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Fakhri variety
Micro irrigation
Sultani variety
Yield

مراجع

Abbasi, F., Abolfazl, N., Rezvani, M., Goodarzi, M., Karimi, M., Eslami, K., Taheri, M., Khosravi, H., Moosavi, S. H., Firoozabadi, A., Baghani, J., Abbasi, N. and Akbari, M. (2020). Assessment of water use and water productivity in Country Vineyards. Irrigation and drainage structures Engineering research, 21(80), 133-148. (in Persian).

Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. and Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration Guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Publications Fao. 300p.

Agriculture Organization statistics. Deputy of planning and Economic affairs (2019). http://maj.ir/index.aspx

Alizadeh, A. (2008). Trickle irrigation (principles and practices). Mashhad, Iran. Astan ghods Imam Reza university (in Persian).

Cancela, J. J., Trigo-Córdoba, E., Martínez, E. M., Rey, B. J., Bouzas-Cid, Y., Fandiño, M., & Mirás-Avalos, J. M. (2016). Effects of climate variability on irrigation scheduling in white varieties of Vitis vinifera (L.) of NW Spain. Agricultural Water Management, 170, 99-109.

Civit, B., Piastrellini, R., Curadelli, S., and Arena. A. P. (2018). The water consumed in the production of grapes for vinification (Vitis vinifera). Mapping the blue and green water footprint. Ecological Indicators, 85, 236-243.

Dolatibaneh, H. (2016). Comprehensive management of grape growth. Kurdistan, Iran. Kurdistan university (in Persian).

Doorenbos, J. 1977. Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements: FAO, Roma (Italia).

FAOSTAT. (2018). Agriculture data available on http://fao.org/statistics/en.

Ghasedi yulghonolu, S. Abyaneh, H. Nejatian, M. A. Maleki, M., & Karimi, R. (2018). Effects of altering furrow to drip irrigation on physiological traits and yield of sultana grapevine (Vitis vinifera L). Iranian journal of Horticultural science, 3(49), 743-753 (in Persian).

Jolaini, M. (2006). Investigation on effect of drip irrigation methods and different levels of water on yield and water use efficiency of grape. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 28(7), 69-78 (in Persian).

Jones, H. G. (2004). Irrigation scheduling: advantages and pitfalls of plant of plant-based methods. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55, 2427-2436.

Karmeli, D., Keller, J. (1975). Trickle irrigation design (No. 631.7 K3).

Mullins, M. G., Bouquet, A., and Williams, L. E. (2007). Biology of the grapevine. Publications university press cambridge. Biology of Horticultural crops. 178p.

Nakhjavanimoghadam, M. M. Najafi, A. Sadrghaen, S. H. Farhadi, A. (2010). Effect of different levels of irrigation and plant density on grain yield and yield components and water use efficiency in Maize cv. KSC 302. Seed and plant production journal, 1(2), 73-90 (in Persian).

Nejatiyan, M. A. (2014). Comprehensive guide to grape production and processing. Agricultural education and promotion (in Persian).

Netzer, Y., Yao, C., Shenker, M., Bravdo, B., and Schwartz, A. (2009). Water use and the development of seasonal crop coefficients for Superior Seedless grapevines to an open-gable trellis system. Irrigation Science, 27:109-120.

Nikanfar, R. & Rezaei, R. (2015). Response of old grapevine to switch irrigation system from surface to drip or babbler. Iranian journal of Horticultural science and technology, 2(16), 161-170.

Pisciotta, A., Lorenzo, R. D., Santalucia, G., and Barbagallo, M. G. (2018). Response of grapevine (Cabrenet Sauvignon cv) to above ground and subsurface drip irrigation under arid condition. Agriculture Water Management, 197,122-131.

Saayman, D., and Lambrechts, J. J.N. (1995). The effect of irrigation system and crop load on the vigour of Barlinka table grapes on a sandy soil, Hex River Valley. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16,26-34.

Seyfi, M. R, & Kalhor, M. (2010). Comprehensive and illustrated guide to growing grape (planting, growing, harvest). Sari, Iran. Agricultural education and promotion publications (in Persian).

Shearer, G., Kohl, D. H., and Chien, S. H. (1978). The nitrogen-15 abundance in a wide variety of soils. Soil science Society of America Journal, 42(6), 899-902.

Soar, C. J., Loveys, B. R. (2007). The effect of changing patterns in soil‐moisture availability on grapevine root distribution, and viticultural implications for converting full‐cover irrigation into a point‐source irrigation system. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 13(1), 2-13.

MAJSTAT. (2019). Agriculture data available on http://maj.ir/index.aspx

TCCIMASTAT (2018). Agriculture and Commercial data available on http://TCCIMA.ir

Vanino, S., Pulighe, G., Nino, P., Michele, C., Blognesi, S. F., and D’Urso, G. (2015). Estimation of Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of Tendone Vineyards using Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing Data in a Mediterranean Environment. Remote Sensing, 7,14708-14730

Williams, L. E., and Ayars, J. E. (2005). Water use of Thompson Seedless grapevines as affected by the application of gibberellic acid and trunk gridling-practices to increase berry size. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 129,85-94.

Williams, L. E., Phene, C. J., Grimes, D. W., and Trout, T. J. (2003). Water use of mature Thompson Seedless grapevine in California. Irrigation Science, 22,11-18.

Xiaochi, Ma., Karen, A., and Sanguinet, W. (2020). Direct root-zone irrigation outperforms surface drip irrigation for grape yield and crop eater use efficiency while restricting root growth. Agriculture water management Journal, (231), 105993

Yunusa, I. A. M., Walker, R. R., Loveys, B. R., and Blackmore, D. H. (2000). Determination of transpiration in irrigated grapevines: comparison of the heat-pulse technique with gravimetric and micrometeorological methods. Irrigation Science, 20,1-8.

Yulghonolu, S. G., Abyaneh, H. Z., Nejatiyan, M. A., Maleki, M., and Karimi. (2017). Effects of altering furrow to drip irrigation systems on physiological traits and yield of Sultana grapevine (vitis vinifera L.). Iranian Journal of Horticulture Science, 49(3), 743-753

Zoebl, D. (2006). Is water productivity a useful concept in agricultural water management. Agricultural Water Management, 84,265-273.

تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی

تاثیر آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی و جویچه‌ای بر بهره‌وری آب دو سیستم کشت داربستی و خزنده انگور

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 22، شماره 84
آبان 1400
صفحه 19-36

تاثیر آبیاری قطره‌ای زیرسطحی و جویچه‌ای بر بهره‌وری آب دو سیستم کشت داربستی و خزنده انگور

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 22، شماره 84آبان 1400صفحه 19-36

دوره 22، شماره 84
آبان 1400
صفحه 19-36