نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حسین خلیلی شایان ¹
• محمد حمزه‌دوست حسن کیاده ²
• ابوالفضل برقی خضرلو ³

¹ دانش‌آموخته دکتری سازه‌های آبی، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران ;کرج، ایران

² دانش آموخته کارشناسی رشته مهندسی عمران- تاسیسات آبی، دانشگاه شهید عباسپور و مدیرعامل شرکت آبتین تندیس ایده، تهران، ایران

³ دانش‌آموخته دکتری سازه‌های آبی، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

مهم‌ترین اصل در اجرای تحویل حجمی آب کشاورزی و مدیریت مصرف آب، اندازه‌گیری دقیق آب در نقاط ورودی و تحویل شبکه‌های آبیاری، است. طی مطالعه موردی حاضر، کاربرد دریچه‌های قطاعی جهت اندازه‌گیری جریان در کانال اصلی غرب دز (W1) به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین نقاط ورودی به شبکه‌های آبیاری کشور ارزیابی شد. در این مطالعه با کاربرد روابط انرژی-مومنتم، جدول تعیین دبی دریچه به صورت تابعی از عمق بالادست و گشودگی دریچه (حالت اول) و جدول محاسبه گشودگی موردنیاز جهت تنظیم دریچه‌ها و به منظور گذار دبی مطلوب (حالت دوم)، استنتاج گردید. بر مبنای ۲۳۳۷ سری اندازه‌گیری در محل مشخص شد که رابطه پیشنهادی بدون نیاز به واسنجی محلی، قابلیت برآورد دبی ورودی به شبکه را با میانگین قدرمطلق خطای نسبی کمتر از ۴ درصد، داراست. به‌منظور برخط‌سازی داده‌های دبی ورودی به شبکه آبیاری غرب دز، سطح سنج ثبات VIGILEVEL در بالادست دریچه‌ها نصب و اطلاعات تراز سطح آب به‌صورت خودکار و در بازه زمانی 30 دقیقه یک‌بار، به سامانه Water Query در بستر پیامک مخابره گردید. با مخابره اطلاعات تراز سطح آب، ارسال درصد گشودگی دریچه‌ها توسط بهره‌بردار طی پیامک و الحاق رابطه پیشنهادی دریچه به سامانه، Water Query به‌صورت خودکار دبی عبوری از دریچه را محاسبه و ذخیره می‌نماید. روش پیشنهادی در شرایط وجود دریچه‌های تنظیم و دارای قابلیت تنظیم گشودگی، می‌تواند راهکاری ارزان‌قیمت و پایدار نسبت به ابزارهای دبی سنج الکترونیکی برای کنترل و اندازه‌گیری هم‌زمان جریان و در راستای استقرار تحویل حجمی معرفی نماید. با توجه به مصرف سالانه حدود ۱۲ میلیارد مترمکعب آب در شبکه‌های آبیاری مدرن کشور و خطای متوسط حدود ۱۵-۱۰ درصد در اندازه‌گیری دبی ورودی به این شبکه‌ها در شرایط فعلی، کاربرد روش پیشنهادی در این مقاله با میانگین قدرمطلق خطای نسبی کمتر از ۵ درصد، مدیریت حجم آبی در حدود ۶۰۰ میلیون مترمکعب به همراه دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اندازه‌گیری دبی
• تحویل حجمی
• تنظیم
• ثبت تراز سطح آب
• واسنجی صحرایی

موضوعات

• مدیریت شبکه های آبیاری

عنوان مقاله [English]

Real-time Monitoring of Inflow to the West Dez Irrigation Network by Equipping Radial Gates

نویسندگان [English]

• Hossein Khalili Shayan ¹
• Mohammad Hamzehdoost Hassan Kiadeh ²
• Abolfazl Barghi Khezerloo ³

¹ Former PhD Student, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

² Graduated from the Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering - Water Structures, Shahid Abbaspour University and CEO of Abtin Tandis Ideh Company., Tehran, Iran

³ Former PhD Student, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Introduction
Traditional approaches to regulating irrigation canals rely heavily on manual discharge measurements and operator judgment, both of which are labor-intensive and error-prone. The advent of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), level sensors, and wireless data transmission has opened new horizons for achieving precision water delivery. However, the successful deployment of such technology’s hinges upon the accuracy and reliability of the underlying hydraulic measurement instruments and the control algorithms that interpret their readings. This study investigated the use of radial gates, which exist at most inlet and delivery points in the country's irrigation networks, as measurement structures.
Methodology
Using the as-built map of the inlet gates of the West Dez canal and using energy and momentum equations, the rating of the estimated gate discharge was derived for different combinations of the upstream water level and the percentage of opening. A total of 2,337 field measurement series were taken at various combinations of opening, upstream water level, and discharge.
Results and discution
The results of this study indicate the applicability of radial gates in estimating the amount of discharge delivered downstream with appropriate accuracy, based on field measurements at the inlet gates of the main canal of the West Dez. It was found that the rating proposed in the present study, without local calibration, has the ability to predict the inlet flow to the main canal of the West Dez irrigation network with an average absolute relative error of less than 4 percent.
Continuous monitoring of the flow rate entering the irrigation network requires continuous monitoring of changes in the upstream water level and the opening percentage of each gate. During this study, by installing an online VIGILEVEL level gauge and sending water level information in real time every half hour to the Water Query software system, as well as sending the opening percentage of the left and right gates entering the network after each opening change by the operator to the system, it became possible to continuously monitor changes in the volume of flow entering the West Dez irrigation network. Accordingly, during the 97 days of this study, the volume of flow entering the West Dez irrigation network, equal to 508 million cubic meters, was monitored with an error of less than 4 percent.
Considering the average error of about 10-15 percent in measuring the entry flow into the country's modern irrigation networks, the application of the proposed method, with an average absolute relative error of less than 5 percent, could lead to the management of a water volume of at least 600 million cubic meters annually. Meanwhile, the proposed method in this study will reduce the cost of equipping entry points to the country's modern irrigation networks by at least approximately 1.6 million Dollars (equivalent to 3,750 billion Rials) compared with electronic flow measurement devices.
Conclusion
This research explores the application of control gates in irrigation networks, emphasizing their role in regulating water flow and optimizing irrigation efficiency. This research demonstrates that the integration of accurate water level sensing, hydraulically validated discharge rating equations, and modern telemetry and control infrastructure constitutes an effective and practical strategy for enhancing water management in irrigation networks. The field-validated system achieved high measurement precision, enabling volumetric water delivery that closely matches agricultural demand while significantly mitigating conveyance losses. The results further confirm that the performance of automated discharge measurement is critically sensitive to the gate opening. The proposed methodology is generalizable and could be adapted to other control structures, canal geometries, and climatic contexts with appropriate recalibration.
 Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
 Funding
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this article.
 Data Availability Statements
All information and results are presented in the text of the article. The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
 Author Contribution
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by all authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by H.K.S, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript (H.K.S, M.H.H.K, and A.B.K). The final revisions have been applied by H.K.S. Moreover, all authors have read and approved the final manuscript. All authors contributed equally to the conceptualization of the article and writing of the original and subsequent drafts.
 Acknowledgement
The authors appreciate the support of the Iran Water Resources Management Company and the Northern Khuzestan Irrigation Networks Operation Company in providing conditions for periodic visits to the Dez irrigation network.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Field calibration
• Flow measurement
• Regulation
• Volumetric delivery
• Water level recording