تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی

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اهداف و چشم انداز

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تحلیل ابعاد تاب‌آوری کشاورزان در برابر بحران خشکسالی با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار، موسسه آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بحران آب و خشکسالی از چالش‌های اساسی در بخش کشاورزی است که ضرورت دستیابی به امنیت غذایی و حفظ منابع پایۀ تولید، روز به روز بر اهمیت پرداختن به ­آن می‌افزاید. برای مقابله با چنین شرایطی، تاب‌آوری کشاورزان اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارد. در پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد تحلیل محتوا، به بررسی ابعاد و مولفه‌های تاب‌آوری کشاورزان در برابر بحران خشکسالی پرداخته شده است. بر این اساس، از مقاله­ های منتشر شده در مجلات علمی معتبر در بازۀ زمانی  1387 تا 1403 استفاده شد. مقاله‌های شناسایی شده مرتبط با موضوع 112 مورد بودند که از این تعداد، 78 منبع به‌طور مستقیم با موضوع پژوهش ارتباط داشتند. بر اساس تحلیل­ها، در مجموع 63 مفهوم در حیطه موضوع تحقیق شناسایی و استخراج شدند که در پنج مقولۀ کلی «سرمایۀ انسانی»، «سرمایۀ طبیعی»، «سرمایۀ فیزیکی و زیربنایی»، «سرمایۀ اقتصادی» و «سرمایۀ اجتماعی» دسته‌بندی شدند. در این بین، سرمایۀ اقتصادی با 18 دسته مفهوم و 185 بار تکرار در منابع مختلف، در بالاترین رتبه قرار گرفت. این یافته‌ها همچنین نشان داد که  در خصوص سرمایۀ اقتصادی، «تنوع معیشت»؛ در خصوص سرمایۀ اجتماعی، «همکاری و مشارکت و اقدام جمعی کشاورزان در امور روستا و کشاورزی»؛ در خصوص سرمایۀ انسانی، «شرکت در دوره‌های آموزشی-ترویجی»؛ در خصوص سرمایۀ فیزیکی و زیربنایی، «برخورداری از خدمات رفاهی، زیربنایی و عمرانی در روستا» و در خصوص سرمایۀ طبیعی، «استفاده از شیوه‌های مناسب و نوین مدیریت آبیاری» به‌ترتیب در بالاترین رتبه‌ها قرار گرفتند. در مجموع، برای توفیق در زمینۀ تاب‌آوری، باید همۀ ابعاد به‌صورت توامان و با رویکردی جامع مورد توجه قرار گیرند؛ بالابردن تاب‌آوری و توسعۀ رفتارهای تاب‌آورانۀ کشاورزان نیازمند فراهم بودن بسترهای لازم و حمایت‌های فرابخشی و فراوزارتخانه‌ای در بخش‌های قانون‌گذاری، سیاستگذاری و اجرایی و نظارت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Dimensions of Farmers' Resilience to Drought Crisis Using Content Analysis Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Mehdi Ghasemi 1
  • javad ghasemi 2

1 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Undoubtedly, drought is one of the most complex and major natural hazards that can affect many economic sectors and reduce both water availability and water quality necessary for productive agriculture. Globally, most freshwater (around 70 percent) is used by the agricultural sector, and in the future, demand for agricultural freshwater will increase. However, due to population growth and the need for food security, coupled with the decline in available water resources caused by over-extraction of water resources, drought, and climate change, water scarcity has become one of the challenges of the agricultural sector. In Iran, the agricultural sector, as one of the most important economic activities, is heavily dependent on water resources; however, due to drought and mismanagement of water resources, it faces serious challenges in ensuring sustainable agricultural water resources, which are leading to an unprecedented crisis in the water sector. To manage this crisis, in addition to the role of government institutions, farmers and local communities must have the ability to adapt to climate change and drought, and resilience capabilities. During the drought period, farms that had enough resilience capabilities were able to continue their activities, which could lead to the sustainability of the agricultural and rural sector. Accordingly, the main purpose of this research was to analyze the dimensions of farmers' resilience to drought and water crisis in the agricultural sector of Iran.
 Methodology
In this study, the content analysis method was used to analyze the dimensions of farmers' resilience to drought. To conduct the research, the following steps were taken: 1) Identifying the main problem and research objectives; 2) Selecting the samples or texts; 3) Defining, coding, and categorizing semantic units; 4) Assessing the reliability of the results; and 5) Interpreting the findings. The aim of content analysis in this study was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the "components of farmers' resilience to drought and water crises in the agriculture sector". The sampling framework involved reviewing papers in this research field (published in scientific journals between 2008 and 2024). Accordingly, 112 papers were identified, out of which 78 papers were directly relevant to the research topic. Finally, each selected paper was assigned a code. The third step involved defining semantic units and coding them. Accordingly, words, sentences, and paragraphs were considered as semantic units. These units were then coded with a short phrase. Subsequently, subcategories and categories were formed by summarizing the coded concepts. In the fourth step, to ensure the reliability of the results, researcher triangulation was used. In the final step, the findings were interpreted by comparing subcategories and categories and referring back to the data.
 Results and Discussion
Based on the analysis of selected papers, five categories and 63 concepts were identified and extracted in the context of the farmers' resilience to drought and water crisis in the agricultural sector, that were summarized into five categories, including: "economic capital," "social capital," "human capital," "physical and infrastructural capital," and "natural capital". The research findings indicated that, regarding economic capital, "diversification of economic activities and job opportunities in rural areas" and "access to bank facilities" were in the highest ranks; in relation to social capital, "cooperation, participation, and group and collective activities" and "membership in associations, cooperatives, organizations, credit funds, etc. for managing drought crisis" were in the highest ranks; Concerning human capital "participation in extension courses" and "awareness of the drought crisis and its consequences" were in the highest ranks; regarding physical and infrastructure capital, "access to welfare, infrastructural, and development services" and "use of technical and infrastructural equipment" were in the highest ranks; and finally regarding natural capital "using appropriate and modern irrigation management methods" and "using modern methods in production and crops improvement" were in the highest ranks.
 Conclusions
For success in the field of farmers' resilience to drought, all the mentioned dimensions must be addressed simultaneously and through a comprehensive approach, because many of these components interact with each other and can either strengthen or weaken one another. Hardware and software requirements, technical and infrastructural aspects, and education and awareness should be considered alongside the involvement of local communities and formal and informal organizations. A one-dimensional approach cannot yield desirable results. Although some dimensions of resilience have been studied and examined less than others, which does not indicate their lesser importance compared to other dimensions, on the other hand, examining the direct and indirect effects and consequences of these dimensions is sometimes challenging. Finally, farmers' resilience to drought and water crisis and the development of resilient behaviors in farmers and local communities require the availability of necessary infrastructure and special support. This is a cross-sectoral and inter-ministerial issue, and serious decisions need to be made in the legislative, policy-making, and supervisory sectors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Climate change
  • Resilient behavior
  • Water crisis
  • Water Resource Management
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تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی
دوره 26، بهار - شماره پیاپی 98
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 66-43
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 اردیبهشت 1404
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